Delirium

Factors increasing the risk of delirium include:

• Advanced age: Older adults are more susceptible to delirium.

• Dementia: Pre-existing cognitive impairments raise the risk.

• Infections: Common triggers include urinary tract infections.

• Medication side effects: Changes or interactions can lead to confusion.

• Alcohol withdrawal: Sudden cessation can trigger delirium.

Symptoms may vary but often include:

• Sudden confusion: Difficulty focusing or thinking clearly.

• Disorientation: Trouble recognizing people or places.

• Agitation: Unusual restlessness or irritability.

• Hallucinations: Experiencing sights or sounds that are not present.

• Disturbed sleep: Altered sleep patterns or excessive drowsiness.

Strategies to cope with delirium include:

• Familiar environment: Consistent surroundings can ease confusion.

• Regular routines: Structure and predictability are comforting.

• Reassurance: Gentle reminders of time and place help with orientation.

• Hydration: Adequate fluid intake prevents dehydration-related delirium.

• Engagement in activities: Participating in familiar activities can provide comfort and reduce anxiety.

Treatment focuses on symptom management and improving quality of life:

• Medication review: Adjusting prescriptions to minimize side effects.

• Environmental adjustments: Modifying surroundings to reduce confusion.

• Treating underlying causes: Prompt attention to infections or medical issues.

• Supportive care: Offering reassurance and orientation to the affected individual.

• Nutritional support: Ensuring proper nutrition aids recovery.