Type 2 Diabetes

Overview

37M

Americans who have diabetes, with millions more undiagnosed

90-95%

Percentage of all diagnosed diabetes cases that are type 2 diabetes.

6.28%

Percentage of the global population (462M) affected by type 2 diabetes

In plain language

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how the body regulates blood sugar. It occurs when the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to the insulin it does produce. This can lead to high blood sugar levels, which, over time, can damage blood vessels and nerves.

Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. It allows glucose, a type of sugar, to enter cells and be used for energy. In individuals with type 2 diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to its effects. As a result, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, leading to a variety of health problems. The exact causes of type 2 diabetes are complex and not fully understood. However, several factors contribute to its development, including genetics, lifestyle, and underlying health conditions. Obesity, physical inactivity, and a family history of diabetes are major risk factors.

Key Information

Review the most relevant symptoms, risk factors, and common care approaches in one place.

Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, including:

Family history: A family history of diabetes can increase your risk.
Obesity: Excess weight, particularly around the waist, is a major risk factor.
Physical inactivity: Lack of physical activity can contribute to insulin resistance.
Age: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases with age.
Race/ethnicity: Certain racial and ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and American Indians, have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Symptoms

In the early stages, type 2 diabetes may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, as the condition progresses, symptoms may develop, including:

Increased Thirst: As blood sugar levels rise, the kidneys work harder to remove excess glucose from the body, leading to increased thirst.
Frequent Urination: Increased urination is a common symptom of high blood sugar levels.
Extreme Hunger: Despite eating, individuals with diabetes may feel constantly hungry.
Unexplained Weight Loss: In some cases, individuals with type 2 diabetes may experience unexplained weight loss.
Blurred Vision: High blood sugar levels can affect the lens of the eye, leading to blurry vision.
Slow-Healing Sores: Poor blood flow, a common complication of diabetes, can slow the healing process of cuts and sores.
Fatigue: Persistent tiredness and lack of energy can be a symptom of uncontrolled blood sugar levels.

Treatments That May Help

Start with the options that have more supporting research and then review the details with your care team.

Treatment Option

Blood Sugar Monitoring

Blood sugar monitoring helps individuals understand how their body responds to food, activity, and medications. For seniors, regular monitoring supports energy, focus, and prevention of complications by keeping glucose levels within a healthy range.

6 studies

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Treatment Option

Alpha-lipoic Acid

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural antioxidant that supports nerve function, glucose metabolism, and healthy aging. It helps protect cells from oxidative stress, which contributes to nerve pain and fatigue.

4 studies

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Treatment Option

CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitoring)

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) is a technology that helps seniors manage diabetes more effectively by providing real-time glucose level readings. It benefits those with diabetes by offering more precise and timely information compared to traditional methods, reducing the risk of complications.

4 studies

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Treatment Option

Intermittent Fasting

Intermittent fasting is an eating pattern that alternates between periods of eating and fasting. It has gained popularity for its potential health benefits, including improved metabolic health and weight management. Seniors might find it beneficial for maintaining energy levels and supporting overall well-being.

3 studies

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Treatment Option

Insulin Therapy

Insulin therapy replaces or supplements the body’s natural insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. For seniors, it helps maintain stable energy, prevents complications, and supports overall wellness when used as part of a comprehensive care plan.

3 studies

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