Condition
Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD)
When grief becomes long-lasting and overwhelming
Overview
7–10%
Estimated percentage of bereaved adults who develop prolonged grief disorder (APA, 2022).
12 months
Minimum duration of symptoms required for diagnosis under DSM-5-TR criteria.
2× risk in older adults
Seniors are twice as likely to experience prolonged grief compared to younger adults.
In plain language
Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) is a mental health condition in which intense, persistent grief lasts for more than a year after a loss. It causes ongoing emotional pain, difficulty accepting the loss, and challenges in daily functioning, especially in older adults who may face multiple losses in later life.
Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) occurs when the natural grieving process becomes stuck and turns into chronic distress. People with PGD experience intense longing for the deceased, persistent sadness, and difficulty engaging in normal life activities. The condition is recognized by the American Psychiatric Association and can follow the loss of a loved one, friend, or companion. Older adults may be at higher risk due to social isolation, chronic illness, or the loss of long-term partners. PGD differs from depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but may occur alongside them. Early recognition and supportive interventions such as therapy, social connection, and community engagement can promote healing and prevent further decline in emotional and physical health.
Key Information
Review the most relevant symptoms, risk factors, and common care approaches in one place.
Risk Factors
Several factors can increase the risk of developing this condition, including:
Age: Older adults may be more vulnerable after losing a spouse or close companion.
Social isolation: Limited social contact can intensify feelings of loneliness and loss.
Previous mental health issues: A history of depression or anxiety can raise susceptibility.
Nature of the loss: Sudden, traumatic, or multiple losses heighten emotional strain.
Lack of support: Absence of family or community support can prolong grief.
Physical health problems: Chronic illness can reduce resilience and coping ability.
Symptoms
Symptoms can vary but often include:
Persistent sadness: Deep sorrow lasting more than 12 months after a loss.
Intense yearning: Strong desire to be reunited with the deceased.
Difficulty accepting the loss: Trouble believing or adjusting to the reality of the death.
Social withdrawal: Avoiding people or activities once enjoyed.
Guilt or anger: Lingering feelings about what could have been done differently.
Impaired daily function: Struggling to maintain routines or personal care.
Treatments That May Help
Start with the options that have more supporting research and then review the details with your care team.
Treatment Option
Dating
Dating can be a rewarding and meaningful experience for older adults. Beyond companionship, it promotes emotional well-being, confidence, and a sense of belonging. Engaging in new relationships later in life supports mental and physical health by reducing loneliness and encouraging social activity.
3 studies
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Treatment Option
Tai Chi
Tai Chi is a gentle, low-impact exercise that combines slow, flowing movements with deep breathing and mindfulness. For seniors, it enhances balance, flexibility, and coordination while reducing stress and promoting relaxation.
2 studies
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Treatment Option
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a structured form of talk therapy that helps individuals recognize and change negative thought patterns and behaviors. It’s one of the most widely researched and effective treatments for anxiety, depression, and stress. For older adults, CBT can improve coping skills, mood, and confidence in managing life’s challenges.
2 studies
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Treatment Option
Exposure Therapy
Exposure therapy helps individuals confront fears and anxieties in a safe, structured way. By facing what feels uncomfortable, seniors can reduce avoidance behaviors, lower anxiety, and regain confidence in daily life.
1 study
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Treatment Option
Interpersonal Therapy
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) helps individuals improve emotional well-being by strengthening relationships and communication. For seniors, it can ease depression, grief, and loneliness by addressing life transitions and fostering supportive connections.
1 study
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Treatment Option
MDMA
MDMA therapy is an emerging treatment primarily used for addressing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It involves the controlled use of MDMA, a synthetic drug, under professional supervision to help improve emotional and psychological well-being. This treatment is gaining attention for its potential to enhance emotional processing and reduce symptoms of PTSD.
1 study
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Take the next step
Discover evidence-based treatments and research for prolonged grief disorder (pgd).