High Cholesterol

High cholesterol is a condition in which there are elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood. While cholesterol is a necessary substance used to build cells and produce hormones, too much of it can increase the risk of heart disease.

There are two main types of cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein (LDL), often called “bad” cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or “good” cholesterol. High levels of LDL can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries, which can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Lifestyle factors, such as diet, physical activity, and smoking, can influence cholesterol levels. Some individuals may also have a genetic predisposition to high cholesterol. Monitoring and managing cholesterol through healthy habits and, if necessary, medication can help reduce cardiovascular risks.

Risk factors for high cholesterol include:

Diet: A diet high in saturated and trans fats can increase cholesterol levels.
Lack of physical activity: Exercise helps raise HDL and lower LDL.
Obesity: Being overweight is linked to higher LDL and lower HDL.
Smoking: Smoking lowers HDL cholesterol.
Age: Cholesterol levels tend to rise with age.
Family history: Genetics can influence cholesterol levels.

No direct symptoms – High cholesterol itself doesn't cause symptoms, making regular blood tests essential for detection and monitoring
Xanthomas – Fatty deposits under the skin, appearing as yellowish bumps, particularly around eyes, elbows, or tendons in severe cases
Arcus senilis – A gray or white arc visible around the cornea, which may indicate elevated cholesterol, especially in younger individuals
Symptoms of complications – Chest pain, shortness of breath, or leg pain during walking may indicate cholesterol-related artery blockages

To manage high cholesterol, consider the following strategies:

Healthy eating: Choose foods low in saturated fat and cholesterol.
Physical activity: Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days.
Weight management: Maintain a healthy weight.
Quit smoking: Smoking cessation improves HDL levels.
Regular screening: Have your cholesterol levels checked regularly.

Statin medications – The most commonly prescribed drugs that reduce LDL cholesterol production in the liver and lower cardiovascular risk
Dietary changes – Reducing saturated fats, eliminating trans fats, and increasing fiber, omega-3s, and plant sterols in the diet
Regular exercise – Physical activity helps raise HDL (good) cholesterol while lowering LDL and triglycerides when done consistently
Additional medications – Ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, or bile acid sequestrants may be added when statins alone aren't sufficient

High Cholesterol

Overview

Key Information

Risk Factors

Symptoms

Coping Strategies

Treatments That May Help

Supplements

Fitness

Dietary Management

Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)

Berberine

Vitamin E (Mixed Tocopherols)

Spirulina

Fiber

Betaine (TMG)

Research on This Condition

Berberine May Support Gut Health and Metabolism in Seniors

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Common Treatments